CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION

by

AND VISCERAL OBESITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VASCULAR AGING AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Editorial Note

This article was originally published in the journal Zarubezhnaya Meditsina i My in February 2024 (No. 1–2024). The Editorial Board of the International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research approved the republication of this work due to its interdisciplinary relevance to research in endocrinology, cardiology, metabolic medicine, and vascular biology. The text is reproduced with the author’s permission and without substantive changes compared to the original publication.

Abstract

Chronic low-grade inflammation is regarded as a key pathogenetic mechanism linking visceral obesity with accelerated vascular aging and increased cardiovascular risk. Visceral adipose tissue functions as an active endocrine–inflammatory organ, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and mediators that affect endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and microcirculation.
This article presents an integrative analysis of the role of chronic inflammation and visceral obesity in the development of vascular and cardiometabolic disorders. Pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and preventive strategies aimed
at slowing vascular aging and reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with age-associated and metabolic disorders are discussed.

Keywords:

chronic inflammation, visceral obesity, vascular aging, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular risk, inflammaging

Author: Natalia V. Brailova
ORCID: 0009-0002-2155-411X

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2024)

Peer Reviewer (Acknowledged): Boris Karsakov
ORCID: 0009-0006-4851-6366

DOI: pending

Full Text (PDF)

CHRONIC-LOW-GRADE-INFLAMMATION

References

  1. Franceschi C, Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(Suppl 1):S4–S9.
  2. Ferrucci L, Fabbri E. Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15(9):505–522.
  3. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006;444(7121):860–867.
  4. Ungvari Z, Tarantini S, Donato AJ, Galvan V, Csiszar A. Mechanisms of vascular aging. Circ Res. 2018;123(7):849–867.
  5. Donato AJ, Machin DR, Lesniewski LA. Mechanisms of dysfunction in the aging vasculature and role in age-related disease. Circ Res. 2018;123(7):825–848.
  6. Després JP. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation. 2012;126(10):1301–1313.
  7. Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 2002;420(6917):868–874.
  8. Green DJ, Hopman MTE, Padilla J, Laughlin MH, Thijssen DHJ. Vascular adaptation to exercise in humans: role of hemodynamic stimuli. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(2):495–528.
  9. Pradhan AD. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: risk markers and therapeutic targets. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(10A):17D–20D.
  10. Pries AR, Secomb TW. Microvascular blood viscosity in vivo and the endothelial surface layer. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289(6):H2657–H2664.
  11. Pries AR, Reglin B, Secomb TW. Structural adaptation of microvascular networks: functional roles of adaptive responses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289(6):H2206–H2215.
  12. Seals DR, Jablonski KL, Donato AJ. Aging and vascular endothelial function in humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011;120(9):357–375.
  13. North BJ, Sinclair DA. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2012;110(8):1097–1108.
  14. Pries AR, Kuebler WM. Normal endothelium. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2006;(176 Pt 1):1–40.
  15. Padilla J, Laughlin MH, Thijssen DHJ, Fadel PJ. The role of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2014;307(11):H1569–H1580.