Suren Manukian

Abstract This article examines the economic consequences of large-scale mobilization through the lens of human capital theory and institutional economics. The study argues that the primary cost of mobilization is not limited to fiscal expenditures but manifests in the structural reallocation of productive human resources. Using qualitative institutional analysis and applied financial sector observations, the … Read more

Abstract This study examines the evolving legal and socio-political framework governing the financing of civic initiatives in contemporary Russia. The paper analyzes how regulatory transformations, particularly concerning non-governmental organizations and “foreign agent” legislation, have reshaped the boundaries of permissible civic participation. The research focuses on the tension between constitutional guarantees of freedom of association and … Read more